6 x 1 hour lessons

This module introduces the more advanced parts of A-Level thermodynamics. You’ll learn to define and calculate lattice enthalpy and construct full Born–Haber cycles, including evaluating differences between theoretical and experimental values. From there, you’ll explore entropy and Gibbs free energy, enabling you to determine the feasibility of reactions and explain how temperature affects it. These multi-step problems are frequent exam features and require confident handling of data, definitions, and reasoning.

By the end of this module you will be able to:

• define lattice enthalpy and construct full Born–Haber cycles • calculate and interpret enthalpies of solution and hydration • analyse discrepancies between theoretical and experimental lattice enthalpies • define entropy and calculate entropy change ΔS • calculate Gibbs free energy change ΔG and determine the feasibility of a reaction • explain the effect of temperature on reaction feasibility

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AQA Specification Points: 1.28 Born–Haber cycles 1.29 Gibbs free-energy change, ∆G and entropy change ∆S