5 x 1 hour lessons

This module builds the quantitative toolkit you’ll use across the whole course. We start from relative masses (u, Ar, Mr) and the mole/Avogadro constant, then turn these ideas into fluent formula writing and balanced equations (including ionic). You’ll apply them to real calculations: reacting masses, gas volumes and solution concentrations, with careful attention to limiting reagent, percentage yield and significant figures. We also cover hydrates and water of crystallisation so you can deduce formulas from practical data.

By the end of this module you will be able to:

• define the unified atomic mass unit and use Ar, Mr and relative isotopic mass in calculations

• define the mole in terms of the Avogadro constant and convert between amount, mass and volume

• write correct formulas for ionic compounds (including common polyatomic ions and oxidation numbers)

• write and balance full equations and ionic equations (excluding spectator ions), with correct state symbols

• define and use empirical and molecular formula; calculate one from the other using data

• understand and use the terms anhydrous, hydrated and water of crystallisation; determine x in MxH2O from experimental results

• perform stoichiometric calculations involving reacting masses, gas volumes and solution concentrations

• identify the limiting reagent, calculate theoretical yield and percentage yield, and present answers to an appropriate number of significant figures

• deduce stoichiometric relationships from calculation outcomes

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CIE Syllabus Points (9701):

• 2.1 Relative masses of atoms and molecules

• 2.2 The mole and the Avogadro constant

• 2.3 Formulae

• 2.4 Reacting masses and volumes (of solutions and gases)