3 x 1 hour lessons

This module introduces the structure, stability, and reactions of benzene and substituted aromatic compounds. You’ll begin by examining the evidence for the delocalised model of benzene and why it’s more stable than the Kekulé model.

You’ll study the electrophilic substitution reactions of benzene, including nitration and halogenation, and understand the conditions and mechanisms involved. The module also covers the directing effects of substituents on further substitution reactions and explores the difference in reactivity between benzene and alkenes.

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By the end of this module, you’ll be able to:

• Explain the structure and bonding of benzene using delocalised electron theory

• Justify the stability of benzene compared to alkenes and cyclohexatriene

• Outline mechanisms for electrophilic substitution reactions

• Predict the products of substitution based on existing substituents

OCR (A) specification points covered: 6.1.1 Aromatic compounds